The Role of Digital Leadership in Improving the Performance Productivity of State Civil Apparatus in the Era of Digital Transformation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v5i06.3561Kata Kunci:
Digital Leadership, Performance Productivity, State Civil Apparatus, Digital Transformation, SPBEAbstrak
Digital transformation in the public sector requires the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) to not only be proficient in technology but also operate in a bureaucratic ecosystem that is led in an adaptive, innovative, and data-driven manner. This study aims to explore the role of digital leadership in increasing the productivity of ASN performance in the era of digital transformation. This study used a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. Data were collected through a Likert 1–5 scale questionnaire that included five indicators of digital leadership and five indicators of ASN performance productivity at the Banggai Regency Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office (DPMPTSP). The research sample consisted of 30 ASN. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, the validity test of item-total correlation, the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha, the Pearson and Spearman correlation, and simple linear regression. The results showed that digital leadership was in the very high category with an average score of 4.85, while the productivity of ASN performance was also in the very high category with an average score of 4.90. The instrument showed good reliability, with Cronbach's alpha for the digital leadership variable of 0.889 and performance productivity of 0.968. The relationship between digital leadership and ASN performance productivity was positive and significant according to both Pearson (r = 0.398; p = 0.030) and Spearman (rho = 0.483; p = 0.007). The regression model yielded a coefficient of B = 0.362 with R² = 0.158, suggesting that digital leadership explains about 15.8% of the variation in performance productivity. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size and tendency of the ceiling effect. This study emphasizes the importance of digital leadership as a driver of ASN productivity through technology-based direction, digital work adaptation, collaboration, and the formation of a culture of innovation.
Referensi
AlNuaimi, B. K., Singh, S. K., Ren, S., Budhwar, P., & Vorobyev, D. (2022). Mastering digital transformation: The relationship between leadership, agility, and digital strategy. Journal of Business Research, 145, 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.038
Avolio, B.J., Kahai, S., & Dodge, G.E. (2000). E-leadership: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 615–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00062-X
Avolio, B.J., Sosik, J.J., Kahai, S.S., & Baker, B. (2014). E-leadership: Revisiting the transformation in leadership sourcing and transmission. Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 105–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.003
Bass, B.M., & Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Bass, BM (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.
Campbell, J.P., & Wiernik, B.M. (2015). Modeling and assessment of work performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2, 47–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111427
Cordella, A. & Bonina, C.M. (2012). A public value perspective for ICT enables public sector reform: theoretical reflections. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 512–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.03.004
Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri, R. (2019). The role of leadership in the digital world: An overview. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01938
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method approaches (5th edition). SAGE Publications.
Davis, FD (1989). Perceived usability, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
DeLone, W.H., & McLean, ER (2003). DeLone and McLean information systems success model: A ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748
Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow, S., & Tinkler, J. (2006). New public management is dead—Long lived the governance of the digital age.
Ghozali, I. (2021). Applications of multivariate analysis using the IBM SPSS 26 (10th edition) program. Publishing Agency of Diponegoro University.
Gil-Garcia, J.R., Dawes, S.S., & Pardo, T.A. (2018). Government research and digital public management: Finding a crossroads. Public Management Review, 20(5), 633–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1327181
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th edition). Cengage Learning.
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(3), 467–494. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui057
Kalasindhu, S., & Kuntonbutr, C. (2023). Digital leadership and employee technology acceptance: The role of innovation climate mediation in public organizations. Review of Public Organizations, 23(4), 741–759.
Kane, G.C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A.N., Kiron, D., & Buckley, N. (2015). Strategy, not technology, drives digital transformation. MIT Management Review, Sloan, and Deloitte University Press.
Kane, G.G., Phillips, A.N., Copulsky, J.R., & Andrus, G.R. (2019). Technological fallacy: How people are key to digital transformation. MIT Press.
Kasmon, N., Rahim, N., & Roslan, M. (2022). Exploring digital leadership and organizational culture in driving technology adoption among Malaysian civil servants. Changing Government: People, Process and Policy, 16(3), 301–318.
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, CM, Hildebrandt, VH, De Vet, HCW, & Van der Beek, A.J. (2014). Construction of the validity of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000113
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, CM, Hildebrandt, VH, Schaufeli, WB, De Vet, HCW, & Van der Beek, A.J. (2013). Development of individual work performance questionnaires. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(1), 6–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401311285273
Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.002
Mergel, I., Gong, Y., & Bertot, J. (2018). Agile governance: A systematic literature review and future research. Government Information Quarterly, 35(2), 291–298.
Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform. (2022). PANRB Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2022 Concerning Performance Management of State Civil Apparatus Employees.
Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform. (2024a). The SPBE Summit 2024 and the launch of GovTech Indonesia.
Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform. (2024b). Indonesia rose 13 places in the 2024 UN E-Government Survey.
Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). Digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges, and key themes. Research Policy, 48(8), 103773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018
Nuryadin, R., Santoso, B., & Suwatno. (2023). Digital leadership in the public sector: A systematic literature review. Journal of Administrative Sciences 20(1): 90–106.
OECD. (2021). Handbook for e-leaders on digital governance. OECD Publications.
Oktapiani, M. (2025). Digital leadership and organizational transformation in the public sector. Visionary, 17(3), 36–47.
Porfírio, J.A., Carrilho, T., Felicio, J.A., & Jardim, J. (2021). Characteristics of leadership and digital transformation. Journal of Business Research, 124, 610–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.058
Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Presidential Regulation Number 95 of 2018 concerning Electronic-Based Government Systems.
Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Presidential Regulation Number 132 of 2022 concerning National Electronic-Based Government System Architecture.
Republic of Indonesia. (2023a). Presidential Regulation Number 82 of 2023 concerning the Acceleration of Digital Transformation and Integration of National Digital Services.
Republic of Indonesia. (2023b). Law Number 20 of 2023 Concerning the State Civil Apparatus.
Robbins, SP, & Hakim, T.A. (2022). Organizational behavior (19th edition). Pearson.
Rogers, D.L. (2016). Digital transformation playbook: Rethink your business for the digital age. Columbia Business School Publishing.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research methods for business: Skills development approaches (8th edition). Wiley.
State Civil Service Agency. (2026). Statistical Book of State Civil Apparatus Semester II of 2025. BKN.
Sugiyono. (2022). Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research methods.
Tangi, L., Janssen, M., Benedetti, M., & Noci, G. (2021). Digital governance transformation: Structural equation modeling analysis of driving and inhibiting factors. International Journal of Information Management, 60, 102356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102356
Twizeyimana, J. D. & Andersson, A. (2019). Public value of e-government: A literature review. Government Information Quarterly, 36(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.01.001
United Nations. (2024). United Nations E-Government Survey 2024: Accelerating digital transformation for sustainable development. United Nations.
Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2019). Operationalizing the definition of e-leadership: Identify the elements of e-leadership. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681446
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, B.G., & Davis, F.D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Towards a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Verhoef, P.C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J.Q., Fabian, N., Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: Multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation: A review and research agenda. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
Wang, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2025). Digital leadership and innovative employee performance: The mediating role of craft work. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1492264. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1492264
Warner, K.S.R., & Wäger, M. (2019). Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation: An ongoing process of strategic renewal. Long-Term Planning, 52(3), 326–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.12.001
Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., McAfee, A. (2014). Digital lead: Turning technology into business transformation. Harvard Business Review Press, vol.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Murad Lahadji, Wahyu Aji Purnama
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Facebook 
Instagram 
Twitter 
Youtube 
westscience.journals@gmail.com