Dinamika Sosial dan Kelembagaan sebagai Penentu Keberhasilan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan: Studi Kasus Desa Momala, Kabupaten Gorontalo

Penulis

  • Sitti Mutiah Rahman Universitas Negeri Gorontalo image/svg+xml
  • Dicky Artha
  • Fitryane Lihawa
  • Safira Putri H. Malik
  • Iswan Dunggio

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v5i06.3431

Kata Kunci:

Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan, Faktor Sosial, Kelembagaan Lokal, Indeks Kelembagaan, Desa Momala, Kabupaten Gorontalo

Abstrak

Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (RHL) menjadi salah satu program utama pemerintah Indonesia dalam rangka memulihkan ekosistem hutan yang mengalami kerusakan. Meskipun demikian, capaian keberhasilan program tersebut belum sepenuhnya memenuhi harapan. Penelitian ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara kondisi sosial dan kelembagaan masyarakat dengan tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan RHL di Desa Momala, Kabupaten Gorontalo. Pendekatan campuran (mixed method) diterapkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur berskala Likert 4 poin kepada 10 responden pilihan serta kuesioner Likert 5 poin kepada 39 responden yang mencakup petani peserta, aparat desa, dan pendamping lapangan. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa rerata skor aspek sosial mencapai 2,61 (Cukup Baik), di mana dimensi pendampingan dan monitoring memperoleh skor paling rendah (2,38; Kurang Baik), diikuti norma dan praktik sosial (2,27; Kurang Baik). Pada aspek kelembagaan, fungsi kelompok tani memiliki indeks terendah (62%; Sedang), disusul monitoring program (64%; Sedang). Temuan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa aspek sosial dan kelembagaan di Desa Momala menjadi tantangan utama dalam pencapaian keberhasilan RHL, terutama karena belum optimalnya pendampingan pascatanam, terbatasnya peran kelompok tani, masih berlangsungnya praktik pelepasan ternak bebas dan pembakaran lahan, serta belum terbentuknya rasa memiliki yang mengakar terhadap tanaman rehabilitasi.

Referensi

Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder Of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225

Bahua, M. I., & Suparwata, D. O. (2018). The level of society’s participation in critical land rehabilitation in das Randangan Pohuwato Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 122(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012139

Buthelezi, M., Lottering, R., Peerbhay, K., & Mutanga, O. (2025). Exploring forest rehabilitation and restoration: A brief systematic review. Trees, Forests and People. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100898

Da Silva, H. T., Ceccon, E., Henrique, P. M. T., Nogueira, D. T. S., & Baldauf, C. (2025). Association between ecological and social outcomes and their links to community participation in ecosystem restoration: a global review. Restoration Ecology, 33. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.70131

Ewane, E. B. (2023). Understanding Community Participation in Tree Planting and Management in Deforested Areas in Cameroon’s Western Highlands. Environmental Management, 73, 274–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-023-01902-0

Gunawan, R., Febryano, I. G., Bantara, I., & Yuwono, S. (2024). SOCIAL ENGINEERING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREST AND LAND REHABILITATION IN GIRIMULYO VILLAGE, LAMPUNG PROVINCE. Jurnal Belantara. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v7i1.969

Herdiyanti, H., Suyanto, B., & Mas’udah, S. (2025). Social capital and ecological transformation in post-mining land restoration in Indonesia. Ambio, 55, 433–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-025-02223-8

Höhl, M., Ahimbisibwe, V., Stanturf, J., Elsasser, P., Kleine, M., & Bolte, A. (2020). Forest Landscape Restoration—What Generates Failure and Success? Forests. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11090938

Indrajaya, Y., Yuwati, T., Lestari, S., Winarno, B., Narendra, B., Nugroho, H., Rachmanadi, D., Pratiwi, Turjaman, M., Adi, R., Savitri, E., Putra, P. B., Santosa, P., Nugroho, N., Cahyono, S., Wahyuningtyas, R. S., Prayudyaningsih, R., Halwany, W., Siarudin, M., … Mendham, D. (2022). Tropical Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia: A Review. Land. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11030328

Löfqvist, S., Kleinschroth, F., Bey, A., De Bremond, A., DeFries, R., Dong, J., Fleischman, F., Lele, S., Martin, D., Messerli, P., Meyfroidt, P., Pfeifer, M., Rakotonarivo, S., Ramankutty, N., Ramprasad, V., Rana, P., Rhemtulla, J., Ryan, C., Vieira, I., … Garrett, R. (2022). How Social Considerations Improve the Equity and Effectiveness of Ecosystem Restoration. Bioscience, 73, 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac099

Löhr, K., Eshetu, S. B., Njoya, H. M., Hagan, J., Gebremedhin, A. T., Hounkpati, K., Raharinaivo, H., Ratsimba, H. R., Bekele, T., Adjonou, K., Kokou, K., & Sieber, S. (2024). Toward a social-ecological forest landscape restoration assessment framework: a review. Discover Sustainability, 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00342-y

Maniraho, L., Frietsch, M., Sieber, S., & Löhr, K. (2023). A framework for drivers fostering social-ecological restoration within forest landscape based on people’s participation. A systematic literature review. Discover Sustainability, 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-023-00141-x

North, D. C. (1991). Institutions. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 5(1), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97

Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763

Pakaya, P., Hasan, S., Syamsudin, S., Lihawa, F., & Dunggio, I. (2025). Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan DAS Bone, Provinsi Gorontalo. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Tanaman. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrit.v4i1.5165

Salote, M. K., Lihawa, F., & Dunggio, I. (2022). HUBUNGAN KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PETANI TERHADAP DEGRADASI LAHAN DI DAS ALO POHU PROVINSI GORONTALO. JAMBURA GEO EDUCATION JOURNAL. https://doi.org/10.34312/jgej.v3i2.14838

Savari, M., & Khaleghi, B. (2023). The role of social capital in forest conservation: An approach to deal with deforestation. The Science of the Total Environment, 165216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165216

Shelton, M., Kanowski, P., Kleinschmit, D., & Ison, R. (2024). Critical social perspectives in forest and landscape restoration – a systematic review. Frontiers in Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1466758

Suparwata, D., Rukmana, D., Tenriawaru, A., & Neswati, R. (2021). Actualization of local community participation in critical land management in Gorontalo. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 755. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/755/1/012056

Sylviani, S., Suka, A., Surati, S., & Kurniasari, D. (2020). SOCIAL CAPITAL IN MANAGING COMMUNITY PLANTATION FOREST: A CASE STUDY AT KPH BOALEMO, GORONTALO PROVINCE. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.1.71-82

Tedesco, A., Brancalion, P., Hepburn, M. H., Walji, K., Wilson, K., Possingham, H., Dean, A., Nugent, N., Elias-Trostmann, K., Perez-Hammerle, K.-V., & Rhodes, J. (2021). The role of incentive mechanisms in promoting forest restoration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0088

Thapa, M. S., Baral, S., & Chhetri, B. B. K. (2025). Institutional dynamics in community-based forest restoration: a systematic review on ecological and socio-economic outcomes. Discover Sustainability, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-02111-x

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2026-06-05

Cara Mengutip

Dinamika Sosial dan Kelembagaan sebagai Penentu Keberhasilan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan: Studi Kasus Desa Momala, Kabupaten Gorontalo. (2026). Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 5(06), 1026-1035. https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v5i06.3431