Dampak Perubahan Geomorfologis dan Aktivitas Manusia terhadap Risiko Bencana di Pesisir: Sebuah Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58812/jgws.v3i03.2808Kata Kunci:
Aktivitas manusia, Risiko bencana pesisir, Tinjauan literatur sistematis, Ketahanan pesisir, GeomorphologicalAbstrak
Studi ini menyajikan Ulasan Literatur Sistematis (SLR) yang mengkaji dampak perubahan geomorfologi dan aktivitas manusia terhadap risiko bencana di daerah pesisir. Sepuluh artikel yang telah direview oleh rekan sejawat yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2013 dan 2024 dipilih dari Google Scholar menggunakan kerangka kerja PRISMA. Ulasan ini mengidentifikasi empat pola tematik utama: transformasi geomorfologi, modifikasi lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh manusia, kerangka kerja risiko terintegrasi, dan strategi tata kelola adaptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proses geomorfologis alami—seperti erosi pesisir, subsiden delta, dan ketidakseimbangan sedimen—berinteraksi dengan tekanan antropogenik seperti urbanisasi, reklamasi lahan, deforestasi, dan penambangan pasir, yang memperparah risiko bencana pesisir. Efek gabungan ini memperburuk banjir, salinisasi, dan ketidakstabilan garis pantai di wilayah dataran rendah. Sintesis ini menyoroti bahwa pengurangan risiko bencana yang efektif bergantung pada kerangka kerja terintegrasi yang menggabungkan geografi fisik, kerentanan sosio-ekonomi, dan pendekatan kebijakan adaptif. Adaptasi berbasis ekosistem, partisipasi komunitas, dan Pengelolaan Zona Pesisir Terpadu (ICZM) muncul sebagai strategi kunci untuk ketahanan berkelanjutan. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman holistik tentang risiko pesisir dengan menjembatani ilmu geomorfologi dan tata kelola bencana, memberikan landasan untuk penelitian masa depan dan pengelolaan pesisir berbasis bukti.
Referensi
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