Peran Vegetasi dalam Mengurangi Risiko Pergerakan Tanah di Musim Hujan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58812/jgws.v3i01.2048Kata Kunci:
Stabilisasi berbasis vegetasi, Pencegahan tanah longsor, Pengendalian erosi tanah, Bahaya musim hujan, Solusi bioteknologiAbstrak
Pergerakan tanah, termasuk tanah longsor dan erosi tanah, menimbulkan risiko yang signifikan selama musim hujan, terutama di daerah dengan lereng yang curam dan curah hujan yang tinggi. Vegetasi telah dikenal luas sebagai solusi alami untuk mengurangi risiko ini dengan meningkatkan stabilitas tanah, mengurangi limpasan permukaan, dan meningkatkan penyerapan air. Studi ini melakukan tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap 33 artikel penelitian yang terindeks Scopus untuk menganalisis peran vegetasi dalam mencegah gerakan tanah. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pohon berakar dalam (misalnya, Akasia, Eucalyptus), semak belukar (misalnya, rumput Vetiver, Bambu), dan tanaman penutup tanah (misalnya, rumput Napier) berkontribusi pada penguatan tanah dan pengendalian erosi melalui mekanisme mekanis dan hidrologi. Namun, efektivitas stabilisasi berbasis vegetasi bervariasi berdasarkan kondisi tanah, iklim, dan spesies tanaman. Studi ini juga menyoroti tantangan utama, termasuk waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman, kebutuhan pemeliharaan, dan keterbatasan tanah. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas vegetasi dalam mengurangi pergerakan tanah, solusi rekayasa bioteknologi yang mengintegrasikan solusi rekayasa bioteknologi, seperti vegetasi yang diperkuat secara geografis dan sistem drainase, direkomendasikan. Penelitian di masa depan harus berfokus pada pemantauan jangka panjang, evaluasi spesifik spesies, dan strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim.
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